Abstract: In order to obtain a good surface of the cladding layer, the temperature field characteristics were researched and the evolution process of the laser cladding process with the metallographic structure during the solidification process of the cladding layer was further discussed. Based on the laser cladding experiment, the finite element analysis model was established, through which the simultaneous powder feeding of the cladding layer and the solution of its transient temperature field characteristics were achieved by ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) and unit life and death programming, and a single-pass single layer was obtained. The temperature distribution law of the cladding process and the cooling process of the single-pass single layer was obtained. According to the heat change law of the cladding layer, the structure evolution process was analyzed. The shape control factor K was simulated and calculated to assist in the analysis of the structure characteristics of 304 stainless steel cladding CoCrW material, and the relationship model between the phase composition, structure characteristics and the shape control factor K was established.