钛过渡层对陶瓷磁控溅射覆铜性能的调控作用

    Regulation Effect of Titanium Transition Layer on Properties of Magnetron Sputtered Copper Films on Ceramics

    • 摘要: 以氧化铝陶瓷为基底,采用磁控溅射沉积Ti过渡层与Cu薄膜,改善铜膜界面附着力。以溅射功率、脉冲频率、偏压、溅射气压开展四因素三水平正交试验,利用SEM、EDS、XRD、四探针测试仪、划痕仪表征薄膜形貌、物相、导电与附着性能,分析工艺参数对钛膜表面质量、沉积速率、附着力的影响。极差分析表明:溅射功率对钛膜附着力、沉积速率影响最显著,偏压主要调控表面质量;功率升高,钛膜附着力持续增大、沉积速率先降后升;脉冲频率提升表面质量,但降低沉积速率与附着力;适度的偏压利于粒子扩散,过高偏压会产生刻蚀损伤;气压升高会削弱粒子动能,降低附着力。经加权综合评分优化,最优工艺为:溅射功率3 kW、脉冲频率90 kHz、偏压200 V、溅射气压1 Pa。性能测试显示,直接镀Cu膜附着力仅9.1 N,Ti-Cu复合膜附着力达26.4 N;复合膜总厚3.6 μm,组织致密,平均电阻率为1.5533×10-4 Ω·cm,导电性能满足电子基板使用要求。Ti与氧化铝热膨胀系数匹配,结合基底表面机械互锁效应,有效缓解界面热应力,提升膜基结合强度,可为陶瓷金属化溅射工艺提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Ti interlayer and Cu thin film were deposited on alumina ceramic substrate by magnetron sputtering to improve the interfacial adhesion of copper film. Four-factor, three-level orthogonal experiments were carried out with sputtering power, pulse frequency, bias voltage and sputtering pressure as variables. The surface morphology, phase composition, electrical conductivity and adhesion performance of the films were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD and four-point probe tester as well as scratch tester. The effects of process parameters on the surface quality, deposition rate and film adhesion of the Ti film were analyzed. The range analysis shows that the sputtering power exerts the most significant effect on the adhesion and deposition rate of Ti film, while the bias voltage mainly governs its surface quality. With the increase of sputtering power, the adhesion of Ti film increases continuously, whereas the deposition rate decreases first and then rises. Increasing pulse frequency improves the surface quality, yet reduces the deposition rate and adhesion. Moderate bias voltage facilitates particle diffusion, whereas excessive bias voltage induces etching damage. Elevated sputtering pressure weakens particle kinetic energy and degrades adhesion. Through weighted comprehensive score optimization, the optimal process parameters are determined as follows: sputtering power of 3 kW, pulse frequency of 90 kHz, bias voltage of 200 V, and sputtering pressure of 1 Pa. The performance tests reveal that the adhesion of directly deposited Cu film is only 9.1 N, while that of Ti-Cu composite film reaches 26.4 N. The composite film possesses a total thickness of 3.6 μm with dense microstructure, and its average resistivity is 1.5533×10-4 Ω·cm, whose electrical conductivity meets the service requirements for electronic substrates. Benefiting from the matched thermal expansion coefficients between Ti and alumina, combined with the mechanical interlocking effect on the substrate surface, the interfacial thermal stress is effectively alleviated and the film-substrate bonding strength is improved. This work can provide a reference for the magnetron sputtering process of ceramic metallization.

       

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